""" ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ MODULE 6 — Script 03: Music & Sound Effects ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ What this demonstrates: • pygame.mixer initialization and configuration • Generating sounds programmatically (no .wav files needed) • pygame.mixer.music for background music (streaming) • pygame.mixer.Sound for short sound effects • Volume control for music and SFX independently • Looping, stopping, pausing, and fading music • Playing sounds on specific channels NOTE: This script generates all audio with math — no files needed. Controls: • M: toggle music on/off • P: pause / unpause music • F: fade out music (2 seconds) • UP/DOWN: music volume • 1-5: play sound effect • Q/E: SFX volume down/up • ESC: quit ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ """ import pygame import sys import math import random import struct import wave import io pygame.mixer.pre_init(44100, -16, 1, 512) # freq, bit depth, mono, buffer pygame.init() WIDTH, HEIGHT = 900, 620 FPS = 60 BLACK = (0, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GRAY = (60, 60, 60) GRAY_LT = (150, 150, 150) BLUE = (50, 120, 220) GREEN = (50, 200, 100) RED = (220, 80, 70) YELLOW = (255, 220, 50) ORANGE = (255, 160, 30) PURPLE = (160, 90, 220) CYAN = (50, 200, 220) DARK_BG = (10, 10, 20) screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("Module 6 — Music & Sound Effects") clock = pygame.time.Clock() F_SMALL = pygame.font.SysFont("monospace", 13) F_MED = pygame.font.SysFont("monospace", 16) F_LARGE = pygame.font.SysFont("monospace", 22, bold=True) def blit(surf, txt, pos, color=WHITE, font=None): s = (font or F_MED).render(txt, True, color) surf.blit(s, pos) def blit_c(surf, txt, y, color=WHITE, font=None): s = (font or F_MED).render(txt, True, color) surf.blit(s, (WIDTH // 2 - s.get_width() // 2, y)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # AUDIO GENERATION — create sounds purely with math # In a real game: pygame.mixer.music.load("bg.mp3") # sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sfx/jump.wav") # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ SAMPLE_RATE = 44100 def generate_samples(samples): """Convert float samples [-1, 1] to 16-bit PCM bytes.""" clamped = [max(-1.0, min(1.0, s)) for s in samples] data = struct.pack(f"{len(clamped)}h", *[int(s * 32767) for s in clamped]) return data def sine_wave(freq, duration, volume=0.5, sr=SAMPLE_RATE): n = int(sr * duration) return [volume * math.sin(2 * math.pi * freq * i / sr) for i in range(n)] def make_sound(samples): """Wrap raw PCM bytes in a pygame.mixer.Sound.""" data = generate_samples(samples) sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(buffer=data) return sound def make_jump_sfx(): """Rising frequency sweep.""" n = int(SAMPLE_RATE * 0.2) out = [] for i in range(n): t = i / SAMPLE_RATE freq = 300 + 800 * (i / n) env = 1.0 - i / n # Fade out out.append(0.4 * env * math.sin(2 * math.pi * freq * t)) return make_sound(out) def make_collect_sfx(): """Two-tone chime.""" s1 = sine_wave(880, 0.08, 0.4) s2 = sine_wave(1320, 0.12, 0.4) n = max(len(s1), len(s2)) return make_sound([ (s1[i] if i < len(s1) else 0.0) + (s2[i] if i < len(s2) else 0.0) for i in range(n) ]) def make_hit_sfx(): """Noise burst with fast decay.""" n = int(SAMPLE_RATE * 0.15) out = [] for i in range(n): env = (1 - i/n) ** 2 out.append(0.5 * env * (random.random() * 2 - 1)) return make_sound(out) def make_shoot_sfx(): """Short descending beep.""" n = int(SAMPLE_RATE * 0.12) out = [] for i in range(n): t = i / SAMPLE_RATE freq = 600 - 400 * (i / n) env = (1 - i/n) ** 1.5 out.append(0.35 * env * math.sin(2 * math.pi * freq * t)) return make_sound(out) def make_powerup_sfx(): """Ascending arpeggio.""" notes = [261, 329, 392, 523] out = [] for note in notes: n_samp = int(SAMPLE_RATE * 0.1) for i in range(n_samp): env = 1 - i / n_samp out.append(0.4 * env * math.sin(2 * math.pi * note * i / SAMPLE_RATE)) return make_sound(out) def make_music_loop(): """Simple chiptune-style loop (2-second, 4/4 beat).""" dur = 2.0 n = int(SAMPLE_RATE * dur) melody = [262, 294, 330, 349, 392, 349, 330, 294] # C major scale bpm = 120 spb = 60 / bpm # seconds per beat out = [0.0] * n for beat_i, note in enumerate(melody): start = int(beat_i * spb / 2 * SAMPLE_RATE) length = int(spb / 2 * SAMPLE_RATE * 0.8) for i in range(length): if start + i >= n: break env = 1 - i / length sample = 0.25 * env * math.sin(2 * math.pi * note * i / SAMPLE_RATE) out[start + i] += sample # Bass drum pattern (every beat) for beat_i in range(4): start = int(beat_i * spb * SAMPLE_RATE) length = int(0.1 * SAMPLE_RATE) for i in range(length): if start + i >= n: break env = (1 - i / length) ** 3 out[start + i] += 0.3 * env * (random.random() * 2 - 1) return make_sound(out) # Build all sounds print("Generating audio... (first launch may take a moment)") SFX = { "jump": make_jump_sfx(), "collect": make_collect_sfx(), "hit": make_hit_sfx(), "shoot": make_shoot_sfx(), "powerup": make_powerup_sfx(), } MUSIC_SOUND = make_music_loop() print("Audio ready.") # ── CHANNELS ────────────────────────────────────────────── # pygame.mixer has N channels (default 8). # Sound effects play on any free channel automatically. # You can reserve channels for specific categories. pygame.mixer.set_num_channels(8) CHANNEL_SFX = pygame.mixer.Channel(0) CHANNEL_VOICE = pygame.mixer.Channel(1) # Channels 2-7 used automatically by .play() # "Background music" via looping the music Sound music_channel = pygame.mixer.Channel(7) music_channel.play(MUSIC_SOUND, loops=-1) # -1 = infinite loop # Volume state music_vol = 0.5 sfx_vol = 0.8 music_channel.set_volume(music_vol) for sfx in SFX.values(): sfx.set_volume(sfx_vol) music_on = True music_paused= False # SFX labels SFX_KEYS = [ ("1", "jump", "Rising sweep", BLUE), ("2", "collect", "Two-tone chime", YELLOW), ("3", "hit", "Noise burst", RED), ("4", "shoot", "Descending beep", CYAN), ("5", "powerup", "Ascending arpeggio", GREEN), ] # VU meter history vu_history = [0.0] * 60 t_global = 0.0 flash_sfx = {} # sfx_name → timer while True: dt = clock.tick(FPS) / 1000.0 t_global += dt for name in list(flash_sfx): flash_sfx[name] -= dt if flash_sfx[name] <= 0: del flash_sfx[name] for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit(); sys.exit() if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit(); sys.exit() # Music controls if event.key == pygame.K_m: music_on = not music_on if music_on: music_channel.play(MUSIC_SOUND, loops=-1) else: music_channel.stop() if event.key == pygame.K_p: if music_paused: music_channel.unpause() else: music_channel.pause() music_paused = not music_paused if event.key == pygame.K_f: music_channel.fadeout(2000) # 2000 ms fade music_on = False if event.key == pygame.K_UP: music_vol = min(1.0, music_vol + 0.1) music_channel.set_volume(music_vol) if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: music_vol = max(0.0, music_vol - 0.1) music_channel.set_volume(music_vol) if event.key == pygame.K_q: sfx_vol = max(0.0, sfx_vol - 0.1) for sfx in SFX.values(): sfx.set_volume(sfx_vol) if event.key == pygame.K_e: sfx_vol = min(1.0, sfx_vol + 0.1) for sfx in SFX.values(): sfx.set_volume(sfx_vol) # SFX triggers for key_str, name, _, _ in SFX_KEYS: if event.key == getattr(pygame, f"K_{key_str}"): SFX[name].play() flash_sfx[name] = 0.3 # ── RENDER ──────────────────────────────────────────── screen.fill(DARK_BG) # Animated waveform (simulated) wave_y = HEIGHT // 2 - 40 pts = [] for xi in range(WIDTH): base = math.sin(xi * 0.04 + t_global * 3) * 0.4 harm = math.sin(xi * 0.09 + t_global * 5) * 0.2 amp = music_vol if music_on and not music_paused else 0.05 y = wave_y + int((base + harm) * 40 * amp) pts.append((xi, y)) if len(pts) > 1: pygame.draw.lines(screen, (40, 100, 180), False, pts, 1) # Title status = "PLAYING" if music_on and not music_paused else ("PAUSED" if music_paused else "STOPPED") col_st = GREEN if status == "PLAYING" else (YELLOW if status == "PAUSED" else RED) blit_c(screen, "🔊 Module 6 — Music & Sound Effects", 20, WHITE, F_LARGE) # ── Music panel ─────────────────────────────────────── my = 70 pygame.draw.rect(screen, (15, 20, 15), (20, my, WIDTH - 40, 120), border_radius=8) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, (20, my, WIDTH - 40, 120), 1, border_radius=8) blit(screen, "MUSIC (channel 7 — looping)", (36, my + 10), GREEN, F_LARGE) blit(screen, f"Status: {status}", (36, my + 40), col_st, F_MED) blit(screen, f"Volume: {music_vol:.1f}", (36, my + 60), WHITE, F_MED) # Volume bar bw = int(music_vol * 300) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, (280, my + 62, 300, 14)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, (280, my + 62, bw, 14)) blit(screen, "M: toggle | P: pause | F: fadeout | ↑↓: volume", (36, my + 84), GRAY_LT, F_SMALL) # ── SFX panel ───────────────────────────────────────── sy = 210 pygame.draw.rect(screen, (15, 15, 22), (20, sy, WIDTH - 40, 250), border_radius=8) pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, (20, sy, WIDTH - 40, 250), 1, border_radius=8) blit(screen, "SOUND EFFECTS", (36, sy + 10), BLUE, F_LARGE) blit(screen, f"SFX Volume: {sfx_vol:.1f} (Q/E to adjust)", (36, sy + 40), GRAY_LT, F_SMALL) sfx_bar_w = int(sfx_vol * 200) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, (240, sy + 42, 200, 10)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, (240, sy + 42, sfx_bar_w, 10)) for i, (key_str, name, desc, color) in enumerate(SFX_KEYS): iy = sy + 70 + i * 36 active = name in flash_sfx bg_col = color if active else (25, 25, 35) pygame.draw.rect(screen, bg_col, (36, iy, WIDTH - 76, 30), border_radius=6) pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, (36, iy, WIDTH - 76, 30), 1 if not active else 0, border_radius=6) label_col = BLACK if active else WHITE blit(screen, f"[{key_str}] {name:<10} — {desc}", (50, iy + 7), label_col if active else color, F_MED) # ── Channel inspector ───────────────────────────────── cy2 = 480 pygame.draw.rect(screen, (18, 12, 20), (20, cy2, WIDTH - 40, 100), border_radius=8) pygame.draw.rect(screen, PURPLE, (20, cy2, WIDTH - 40, 100), 1, border_radius=8) blit(screen, "CHANNEL INSPECTOR", (36, cy2 + 10), PURPLE, F_MED) for ch_i in range(8): ch = pygame.mixer.Channel(ch_i) busy = ch.get_busy() col = GREEN if busy else GRAY cx = 36 + ch_i * 106 pygame.draw.rect(screen, col, (cx, cy2 + 38, 90, 22), 0 if busy else 1, border_radius=4) label = f"ch{ch_i}" + (" ▶" if busy else "") blit(screen, label, (cx + 6, cy2 + 42), BLACK if busy else GRAY, F_SMALL) blit(screen, "Each sound plays on a free channel automatically. " "Ch7 reserved for music.", (36, cy2 + 72), GRAY, F_SMALL) pygame.display.flip()